Posted on 31 March 2010.
The sky darkens.
Fifty-mile-an-hour winds whip debris across the open field. Blinding rainfall slams the windshield. Erratic zaps of lightning infuse the air. Scott Blair’s heart races. But he’s advancing toward the storm, not running away from it.
Blair, a meteorologist for the Topeka National Weather Service, is a weather-hunting fanatic. During the past 14 years he has driven more than 200,000 miles, chasing 350 storms in more than 20 states. He has seen 150 tornadoes.
For him, chasing is a hobby. He captures the alluring landscapes of storms with his camera — and gets an adrenaline fix.
Habitual storm chasers such as Blair and University students preparing to go into the field, look forward to the spring and summer months so they can monitor storms. What is routinely seen in movies and on television isn’t always an accurate depiction of real-life chasers; it’s their tactical preparation, sound execution and captivation with these mysterious storms that set them apart.
“When storms aren’t doing damage there’s really a certain beauty to them,” Blair said. “There’s something magical about severe weather and its neat to see something that some people may never see in their lifetime.”
As a meteorologist, Blair has the knowledge to track severe weather without putting himself in danger. His knowledge is what separates him from amateur chasers.
David Mechem, assistant professor in the atmospheric science program, said chasing without proper training and knowledge was incredibly dangerous.
“There are a lot of people out there who go out and do it just as a thrill-seeking adventure,” said Mechem, who has chased about a dozen storms as an undergraduate at the University of Oklahoma. “You don’t have to have a degree in meteorology necessarily, but you definitely need to understand sog about storm structure.”
Mechem said it helped if chasers had a proficiency in forecasting so they could know what conditions were favorable for the kind of climates they were in.
Blair said that the peak storm season in Kansas was from April through June, but that severe storms could occur as early as mid-March. The Southern plains will have an earlier period from March through May, and the Northern plains will have a strong season from June through August.
“Those are the times where the environmental conditions provide the greatest frequency of severe weather,” Blair said. “That is when chasers really start coming out, in April, May and June.”
The chase
In their storm-chasing quests, chasers hope to find storms that produce violently rotating columns of air called tornadoes. Chasers prepare in different ways.
As a meteorologist, Blair has tools available to him that others do not, such as weather balloons, satellite radio and radar. That equipment gives him extra time to interpret the type of severe storm that might be developing. He can then get on the road days before the storm is expected to occur.
On the other hand, chasers such as Scott Durham, a senior from Kansas City, Mo. and an atmospheric science major, use resources offered on the Internet to determine the exact location and size of the storms they chase.
“Before I head out, I’ll go online to weather.gov because I find it to be most reliable,” Durham said. “I’ll find out what the weather is like and look at the satellite to see if there’s any other systems coming in that the radar isn’t showing.”
Durham also uses a severe weather index called CAPE, convective available potential energy, which detects values in thunderstorm environments. Durham said if the value was really high then he could generally expect a severe weather outbreak, which usually leads to tornadoes. Storms are classified by how strong the winds are or by how heavy the rainfall, snow or lightning is; tornadoes and hurricanes have their own set of categories.
Durham has gone out storm chasing twice. He witnessed his first tornado — the paramount objective for most amateur chasers and atmospheric science majors — May 4, 2003, outside the Kansas City, Mo. area.
Durham said he spent most of his time storm spotting rather than storm chasing. As a Johnson County storm spotter, he stays in a stationary location while monitoring the severe weather in designated areas.
While out storm chasing, Blair said, they pinpoint an area where they expect the storm to occur.
“At that time what we’re looking for is environmental data,” Blair said. “Surface observations, temperature, wind speed, dew point and relative humidity, which tells you so much on where to go from a surface perspective.”
Because storms are unpredictable, Blair said it was not uncommon to have 1,000-mile chase days. One day you might be in the Nebraska sand hills and the next you might be in the Oklahoma panhandle, he said.
“If you do everything else right, all the luck still has to fall into place,” Blair said. “The storm is still going to do what it wants to do.”
Safety
Mechem said that he and his classmates as undergraduates at the University of Oklahoma were conservative storm chasers and that they tried to avoid putting themselves in danger. If a storm develops into a tornado, a storm chaser generally wants to be on the south or southeast side of it.
“I tended to stay near the car,” Mechem said. “Largely because sometimes the back side, or the safer side of storms can get hail and you want to be able to take cover.”
He said the two biggest hazards while storm chasing were driving on the roads and lightning.
“Lightning tends to be unpredictable so you want to be able to have some kind of shelter,” Mechem said. “It can be really close and really frequent in these types of storms and it’s a big danger.”
Durham said, depending on where he was in relation to the storm, he also generally stayed in the car. If there is lightning and thunder then there is a chance of getting struck. Remaining inside the vehicle and not touching the frame, will keep passengers safe if the vehicle gets struck, he said.
Blair said education was the No. 1 way to be a safe and successful storm chaser. He said it was not dangerous as long as chasers had the skill sets to go along with it.
“It can put you in the right place where you would have a better success rate to see storms,” he said.
How to get involved
For those interested in storm chasing, Blair recommends attending a weather service spotter training session. The Topeka National Weather Service has a calendar online with upcoming sessions.
There are also ways to build basic skills from home through online modules and weather observations, he said. For more information and photos visit Blair’s website.